Hauv lub ntiaj teb xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab - kub, kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev. Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv furnaces, kho cua sov kab, thiab petrochemical nroj tsuag yuav tsum tiv tsis tau tsuas yog thermal loads tab sis kuj oxidative thiab corrosive ib puag ncig. Ntawm cov tshwj xeeb alloys tsim rau cov teeb meem nyuaj no, cov cua sov- resistant cam khwb cia hlau stainless xaiv raws li 1.4823, nrog rau cov khoom siv GX40CrNiSi27 4, sawv tawm raws li ib tug txhim khu kev qha thiab tus nqi- zoo tshuaj rau ib tug dav array ntawm daim ntawv thov mus txog 1100 degrees Celsius. Kab lus no muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov hlau no, tshawb xyuas nws cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lub cev, siab -tus cwj pwm kub, kev siv ib txwm, thiab kev txiav txim siab rau casting thiab kev yuav khoom.
Lub npe 1.4823 yog cov khoom siv tus lej raws li European tus qauv EN 10095 rau cov cua sov-cov hlau tsis muaj zog thiab npib tsib xee alloys, thaum GX40CrNiSi27 4 yog lub npe ntau cov hlau uas qhia txog nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb alloying. GX qhia tias nws yog qib cam khwb cia, nrog rau cov lej tom qab taw qhia rau nws cov nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg: cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm ib ncig ntawm 0.4 feem pua, thiab tseem ceeb ntxiv ntawm chromium, nickel, thiab silicon. Qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb no yog tsim los tsim cov khoom siv uas tswj hwm nws cov qauv kev ncaj ncees thiab tiv thaiv qhov degradation thaum raug rau cov cua sov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv txheej txheem.
Lub hauv paus ntawm 1.4823 alloys siab - qhov ntsuas kub muaj peev xwm nyob hauv nws cov tshuaj ua tib zoo sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog nruj me ntsis txwv los ntawm cov qauv xws li EN 10295. Cov khoom uas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws yog chromium, uas tau teev nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 25 mus rau 28 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov ntsiab lus siab chromium no yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb oxidation tsis kam. Thaum kub siab, chromium reacts nrog oxygen los tsim ib txheej nyias, ntom, thiab adherent txheej ntawm chromium oxide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm casting. Cov txheej no ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, zoo sealing cov hlau hauv qab los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntxiv los ntawm oxidizing cua. Cov kab ntawv teev cia kom tsim thiab ruaj khov ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb no. Ua kom tiav chromium yog silicon, tam sim no nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1.0 txog 2.5 feem pua. Thaum chromium ua qhov hnyav nqa rau oxidation kuj, silicon plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb txhawb nqa. Nws kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv oxide txheej thiab txhim kho cov hlau tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kub hnyiab, xws li carburization thiab tawm tsam los ntawm qee yam sulfur- cov kabmob gases.
Qhov thib peb loj alloying ntxiv yog npib tsib xee, uas tau teev tseg ntawm 3.0 thiab 6.0 feem pua. Nickel yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj khov austenitic microstructure ntawm cov hlau. Austenite yog lub ntsej muag -centered cubic crystal qauv uas khaws nws lub zog thiab ductility ntawm qhov kub thiab txias zoo dua li cov qauv ferritic lossis pearlitic muaj nyob hauv cov hlau. Qhov no austenitic matrix, stabilized los ntawm npib tsib xee, muab cov hlau nrog nws lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv creep, qeeb, lub sij hawm- nyob ntawm deformation uas tshwm sim thaum hlau raug kev nyuaj siab tas li ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Kev suav nrog ntawm 3.0 mus rau 6.0 feem pua nickel txawv ntawm 1.4823 raws li ib tug duplex stainless hlau nyob rau hauv lub cam khwb cia mob, muab ib tug zoo siab ua ke ntawm cov khoom. Cov pa roj carbon, tam sim no nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.3 mus rau 0.5 feem pua, muab kev kub siab ntxiv -qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev tsim cov carbides hauv microstructure. Lwm cov ntsiab lus raug tswj kom qis, nrog manganese txwv rau 1.5 feem pua, thiab phosphorus thiab sulfur khaws cia ntawm qhov siab tshaj ntawm 0.040 thiab 0.030 feem pua, raws li, txhawm rau tswj kev huv thiab ua haujlwm kub. Molybdenum kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj txog li 0.5 feem pua, tab sis tsis yog thawj alloying ntxiv rau qib no.
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm GX40CrNiSi27 4, raws li tau teev tseg hauv cov qauv thiab tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xeem raug, muaj kev cuam tshuam nws cov qauv tsim rau kev thauj khoom- cov kev siv kabmob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, lub alloy muaj ib tug tensile lub zog ntawm ntau tshaj 550 megapascals, nrog rau cov nqi feem ntau mus txog 620 megapascals. Nws lub zog tawm los, lossis qhov kev ntxhov siab uas nws pib deform plastically, tau teev tseg ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 250 megapascals, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig 290 megapascals. Cov khoom no muab qhov pib muaj zog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias muaj kev ncua ntev ntawm kev tawg, feem ntau ntau dua 3 feem pua, uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau cov pa roj carbon ntau, siab - lub zog cam khwb cia alloys. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias thaum nws muaj zog, nws tsis yog tsim rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau tsim los yog khoov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lub elastic modulus ntawm cov hlau yog kwv yees li 200 gigapascals, zoo ib yam li lwm yam stainless hlau, txhais tau tias nws muaj tus qauv nruj nyob rau hauv load.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi tseeb ntawm 1.4823 tau qhia los ntawm nws lub cev lub cev ntawm qhov kub siab. Nws qhov ceev yog ntsuas ntawm 7.6 grams ib cubic centimeter, uas yog me ntsis qis dua ntau cov pa roj carbon steel vim nws cov ntsiab lus alloy siab. Rau cov kws tsim qauv tsim cov txheej txheem thermal, cov thermal conductivity ntawm li 16.7 watts ib 'meter' -Kelvin thiab tshwj xeeb tshav kub muaj peev xwm ntawm ib ncig ntawm 490 mus rau 500 joules ib kilogram-Kelvin yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev xam cov cua sov- nce thiab txias- tus nqi qis, nrog rau kev nkag siab txog thermal grade. Lub thermal expansion coefficient, uas nyob ib ncig ntawm 13 micrometers ib 'meter' -Kelvin tshaj ib tug ntau yam, yuav tsum tau suav rau hauv kev tsim cov rooj sib txoos kom ntseeg tau tias thermal stresses tsis ua rau tawg los yog distortion thaum lub sij hawm thermal cycling. Tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua qhov cua sov-resistant alloy yog nws qhov siab tshaj plaws kev pabcuam kub. Rau 1.4823, qhov no txhais tau tias yog 1100 degrees Celsius hauv huv si, oxidizing huab cua. Qhov kev txwv no yog khi ncaj qha rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws cov chromium oxide nplai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov ntsuas kub no siv tau rau oxidation tsis kam; nyob rau hauv lwm cov huab cua, xws li cov uas muaj leej faj lossis cov tshuaj txo qis, qhov siab tshaj plaws uas siv tau tuaj yeem qis dua, uas yuav poob mus rau ib puag ncig 1080 degrees Celsius hauv kev txo cov sulfur-cov kabmob ib puag ncig.
Muab cov khoom no, thawj daim ntawv thov sau npe rau 1.4823 tshav kub-cov hlau tsis muaj zog yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub tshaj plaws, feem ntau oxidizing zones. Nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias mus txog 1100 degrees Celsius ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv annealing thiab kub kho kab. Yam khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlau no suav nrog cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas yuav tsum txhawb nqa hnyav ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm tsis muaj sagging; radiant tube Cheebtsam, uas yog ncaj qha mus rau burner nplaim taws; thiab ntau yam khoom siv xws li pob tawb, tais, thiab hangers uas tuav cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm ua thermal. Nws kuj yog feem ntau tau teev tseg rau lub qhov cub hluav taws xob thiab lwm qhov chaw hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog siab - kub combustion gases. Hauv kev lag luam xws li kev lag luam petrochemical, nws pom kev siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum nyob rau hauv ceramics thiab hmoov metallurgy, nws yog siv rau cov rooj tog zaum hauv qhov cub uas yuav tsum tau ua kom rov ua dua thermal. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv thov feem ntau yog ua rau lwm cov cua sov- cov qib tiv taus zoo li 1.4743, uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dua thiab tsawg dua nickel. Thaum 1.4743 yog qhov zoo dua rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev kub hnyiab los ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab thiab cov tshauv ntawm qhov kub txog li 900 degrees Celsius, 1.4823 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cheeb tsam uas qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb yog ntshiab, siab -kub roj thiab oxidation.
Ua suab nrov los ntawm 1.4823 yuav tsum muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom. Raws li qhov siab - alloy tshav kub- cov hlau tsis muaj zog, nws nthuav tawm cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem ceev faj. Lub siab chromium thiab silicon cov ntsiab lus nce cov kua dej kub thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kub tearing, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv castings nrog ntse fab los yog qhov tseem ceeb variations nyob rau hauv seem thickness. Cov rooj vag kom zoo thiab nce siab, feem ntau tsim los nrog kev pab cuam ntawm kev simulation software, yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov hlau solidifying yog txaus noj kom tsis txhob muaj cov porosity shrinkage. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau molten muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau cov roj porosity yog tias cov kev coj ua deoxidation tsis ua raws li qhov ua tau zoo. Cov chaw tsim khoom muaj kev paub dhau los siv cov kev ua kom huv huv, feem ntau siv nruab nrab - zaus induction rauv, thiab ua cov ladle tsom xam nrog cov spectrometers los xyuas cov chemistry ua ntej nchuav. Tom qab casting, cov khoom yuav dhau los ua lub voj voog kho cua sov kom txo tau cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem, uas pab tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tawg thiab ua kom muaj qhov ruaj khov. Cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj npe nrov, feem ntau tau lees paub rau cov qauv zoo li ISO 9001, xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem no tau sau tseg, tswj tau, thiab taug qab. Thaum vuam yuav tsum tau, txawm rau fabrication los yog kho, tshwj xeeb muab tub lim yog xav tau. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsim nyog yog E 25 20 R 32 kev faib tawm, uas tso cov hlau austenitic tag nrho nrog cov nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 25 feem pua chromium thiab 20 feem pua nickel, muab qhov zoo sib xws siab -kub yam ntxwv rau cov khoom siv hauv paus.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, tshav kub-resistant cam khwb cia hlau stainless 1.4823 GX40CrNiSi27 4 yog ib tug zoo- tsim thiab zoo heev engineering khoom rau kev pab nyob rau hauv huab cua kub ib puag ncig mus txog 1100 degrees Celsius. Nws ua tib zoo tsim muaj pes tsawg leeg, sib txuas cov qib siab ntawm chromium rau kev tiv thaiv oxidation, npib tsib xee rau cov qauv austenitic thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau rau kev nkag siab ntxiv, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau qhov chaw rauv thiab cov khoom siv kho cua sov. Thaum nws xav tau cov txheej txheem tsim tshwj xeeb los tsim cov suab nrov, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov engineers thiab cov tswv cog cog ib yam nkaus. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog nws cov khoom, kev txwv, thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm huab cua thiab chaw thau khoom, ib tus tuaj yeem ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm 1.4823 kom ntseeg tau tias lub neej ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm siab -kub muaj txheej txheem.
